Terms and meanings
You can find misunderstood industry words in alphabetical order or read their short explanations by searching.
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What are Cotton Fabrics?
Cotton Fabrics , a textile product made from natural fibers obtained from plants of the Gossypium genus, known for its breathable and hypoallergenic structure. It provides comfort by keeping you cool in the summer and warm in the winter thanks to its thermoregulation ability. Contents What are the Technical Specifications of Cotton Fabrics? Do Cotton Fabrics Shrink and How to Prevent It? At What Temperature Should Cotton Fabrics Be Washed? Selection and Usage Areas of Cotton Bedding Fabric What are the Technical Specifications of Cotton Fabrics? The quality of these fabrics is determined by parameters such as size content, weave type, and weight. General standard values are as follows: Fiber Content: %100 natural cotton or cotton-polyester/linen blends. Weave Types: Poplin (tight weave/plain), Satin (shiny surface), Percale. Moisture Capacity: Fibers absorb up to 70% of their weight in water and evaporate sweat. Feature Technical Value / Range Weight (Apparel) 80 - 140 gr/m² Weight (Bedding/Towel) 140 - 200+ gr/m² Yarn Number (Common) Ne 30/1 - Ne 40/1 Do Cotton Fabrics Shrink and How to Prevent It? Cotton fibers swell when they come into contact with water and then shrink as they dry; meaning they tend to shrink. To prevent this, a pre-shrinkage process is usually applied to the fabric in the textile industry. On the user's side, washing garments according to the methods indicated on the label, preferably at low temperatures and low spin speeds, optimizes the result. At What Temperature Should Cotton Fabrics Be Washed? Due to their natural fiber structure, they are sensitive to washing. Generally 40°C washing at a temperature and on a normal/soft program is recommended. Higher temperatures can cause color fading and excessive shrinkage. Selection and Usage Areas of Cotton Bedding Fabric Cotton fabrics are not only used for making dresses and shirts; they are also ideal for bed linen, towels, and table textiles. Especially for cotton bedding fabrics , tightly woven structures like Percale (poplin) should be preferred. The higher the weight, the more substantial the fabric will be, but it provides a smoother touch that lasts longer.
Read More →What are Cotton Polyester Fabrics?
Cotton polyester fabrics , obtained by blending natural cotton fibers with synthetic polyester in specific ratios, are a durable blended textile product that offers both breathability and durability. Contents What is Cotton Polyester Fabric Used For? Technical Specifications of Cotton Polyester Fabric Is Cotton Polyester Fabric Thick or Thin? Is Cotton Polyester Fabric for Winter or Summer? What is the Difference Between Cotton and Cotton-Polyester? What is Cotton Polyester Fabric Used For? This type of fabric allows consumers to meet both needs with a single product. Cotton stands out for its softness and skin-friendliness, while polyester offers wrinkle resistance, shape retention, and high durability. It is especially ideal for hotel textiles and frequently washed home bedding because it feels comfortable and maintains its shape for many years. Technical Specifications of Cotton Polyester Fabric The blend ratios directly affect the feel of the fabric. Generally, a %60 Cotton - %40 Polyester or a 50-50 balance is preferred. When combined with the percale weave technique, which creates a silky surface, these ratios create a perception of a bright and soft texture. Feature Description / Value Common Ratios %60 Cotton – %40 Polyester (Most popular combination) Weave Type Generally Percale Weave Appearance Cottony to bright, silky and smooth surface Care Machine washable, quick drying, wrinkle-resistant Is Cotton Polyester Fabric Thick or Thin? Thickness depends more on the grammage of the fabric than the material itself. Standard bedding usually has thin weaves ranging from 110 gr/m² to 130 gr/m². However, values of 150 gr/m² and above provide a firmer and thicker texture. This allows for selection according to the season. Is Cotton Polyester Fabric for Winter or Summer? This blended fabric is suitable for both seasons but varies depending on the area of use: Summer Use: Thanks to its high cotton content and thin (low grammage) percale weave, it is absorbent and keeps you cool. Winter Use: Its warming properties are demonstrated when used in denser weaves (high grammage) or combined with additional layers such as fleece. What is the Difference Between Cotton and Cotton-Polyester? Pure cotton fabrics are softer but wrinkle easily, while blends are more durable. For example, in pure cotton, increasing the tel count increases softness, but there is a risk of shrinkage and wrinkling after washing. In blends, this risk is minimal.
Read More →What are Fabric Blend Ratios?
Fabric Blend Ratios , is an engineering parameter that expresses the percentage distribution of different textile fibers (natural, synthetic, or artificial) used in the production of a textile product. These ratios represent the most critical data point that determines not only the material identity of the fabric composition; but also the physical performance of the product. Not just the type of raw material, but the selected percentages directly shape the fabric's elasticity, absorbency, and wrinkle resistance. What is the Relationship Between Technical Specifications and Grammage? The most tangible result of blend ratios reflected to the end-user is grammage (gr/m²) . Along with the selected fiber types and ratios, it plays a decisive role in determining the fabric's thickness and thread count (Ne). The table below summarizes commonly encountered standard blend ratios and their technical specifications: Fiber Distribution Possible Percentage Range Technical Impact & Preference Reason Cotton / Polyester %35 Cotton – %65 Polyester Thinner structure, high durability, easy ironing. Common in workwear. Cotton / Polyester %50 Cotton – %50 Polyester It is a balance of breathability and shape retention. Popular in everyday shirts. Cotton / Elastane %95 Cotton – %5 Elastane Perfect fit to body contours. Offers comfort for underwear and sports activities. Cotton / Modal %70 Cotton – %30 Modal Luxurious touch and softness. Preferred in premium sheets and duvet cover sets. What are the Blend Types and Usage Areas? These ratios, determined according to the needs of the industry, aim to enhance the natural capabilities of each fabric type: Everyday Wear: The combination of polyester's durability and cotton's skin-friendly structure prevents wear and tear in daily use. Bedding and Home Textile: Structures with a high cotton content (100% Cotton or with Viscose added) should be preferred to prevent sweating. Luxury Comfort: For those seeking a silk-like sheen, blending Modal or Viscose fibers with cotton fibers is a modern alternative. The component percentages on the fabric are also essential in determining the product's care conditions.
Read More →What are Fabric Dyeing Techniques?
Fabric dyeing techniques are methods applied to impart color to raw or pre-treated textile surfaces with dye solutions. They are selected according to the type of fiber, the weave of the fabric, and the desired color fastness. The main purpose is to give the fabric a permanent and homogeneous color; to add aesthetics and identity. The dyeing process yarn , fabric or finished product stage. What are Fabric Dyeing Techniques? Fabric dyeing techniques are classified according to the mechanism by which dye molecules adhere to fibers. In small workshops hand fabric dyeing is applied, while in factories dip dyeing method industrial processes like this are preferred. What are Fabric Dyeing Methods? Common methods vary according to fabric type; some are effective on all fibers, while others are only effective on synthetic or natural fibers. Dip dyeing method: A classic method applied by immersing the fabric in a dye bath and squeezing it to fix the color. Polyester fabric dyeing: A process carried out with disperse dyes at high temperatures (120–130 °C). Natural fabric dyeing: Provides environmentally friendly coloring with plant-based and organic dyes. How is Polyester Fabric Dyed? Since synthetic fibers like polyester absorb little water, disperse dyes are used. The process is generally carried out in a closed system at a temperature of 120–130 °C; pre-heat setting of the fabric is required for permanent color. What is Natural Fabric Dyeing? Natural fabric dyeing is a method carried out with organic dyes obtained from plant roots, leaves, and barks. It yields more consistent results on natural fibers such as cotton and silk; it stands out for being environmentally friendly. What are Fabric Dyeing Techniques Used For? Dyeing techniques add aesthetic value and identity to raw fabric. Selecting the appropriate technique for the fabric type (cotton, polyester, silk) is critical for color fastness and wash durability.
Read More →What are Fabric Knitting Types?
Fabric Knitting Types , refers to textile production methods based on the process of yarns forming interlocking loops, providing highly flexible and breathable structures. These fabrics are generally preferred in the apparel industry for products seeking comfort. Contents What is Knitted Fabric and How is it Produced? What are the Types of Fabric Knitting? What is Knitted Fabric Used For? What is the Difference Between Knitted Fabric and Textured Fabric? Glossary: Knitting Structures in Textiles What is Knitted Fabric and How is it Produced? In knitted (Knit) structures, interlocking loops are formed using one or more series of yarns. This method provides high elasticity to the fabric. As the formed loops are interconnected, the fabric stretches and expands easily, but carries the risk of laddering in case of excessive stretching. Unlike woven fabrics, knitted structures do not involve warp and weft yarns crossing at right angles; instead, the yarns loop. What are the Types of Fabric Knitting? The most common fabric knitting types and their areas of use in the textile industry are as follows: Jersey (Single Knit): A basic knitted fabric type with a smooth surface, lightweight, and widely used in everyday wear. Ribana: Has a striped appearance and high elasticity, frequently used in cuffs and collars. Triko (Double Knit): Has a plush inner surface structure; popular in slippers, sportswear, and underwear sectors. Piqué: Known for its terry and slightly textured surface structure; the standard choice for polo shirts. What is Knitted Fabric Used For? Knitted fabrics are ideal for comfort-oriented garments due to their low bending resistance and ability to adapt to body movements. They offer a wide range of uses, from thin, breathable models in the summer to heavy hoodies that keep you warm in winter. What is the Difference Between Knitted Fabric and Textured Fabric? The biggest difference between knitted fabric and textured fabric lies in the production method and direction of elasticity. In woven fabrics, weft and warp yarns cross at right angles, while in knitted fabrics, yarns are looped. Therefore, knitted fabrics allow for multi-directional stretch (horizontal, vertical, or diagonal), whereas woven fabrics remain relatively more stable. Glossary: Knitting Structures in Textiles Structure Type Direction of Stretch Area of Use Jersey General Stretch T-Shirt, Loungewear Ribana Lengthwise Stretch Cuff, Short Leg Opening Woven Limited Stretch Shirt, Trousers
Read More →What are Fabric Types?
Fabric Types , are textile materials obtained from fibers (vegetable, animal, or chemical) which are the raw material of textiles, and produced by weaving, knitting, or crocheting methods. the whole of textile materials. . Contents Basic Groups by Fiber Source Weaving and Production Structures Technical Parameters: Grammage and Yarn Usage Areas and Selection Guide Care Conditions Basic Groups by Fiber Source The first stop of fabric classification is based on the raw material. Natural Fabrics ; comes from living sources such as cotton (100% cotton), wool, and linen; has high breathability. In contrast, Synthetic Fabrics (polyester, nylon, elastane) are produced by petrochemical processes; provides quick drying and wrinkle resistance. Group Thematic Fiber Types Natural Cotton, Wool, Linen Synthetic Polyester, Nylon, Elastane/Spandex Weaving and Production Structures The production method that transforms fiber into fabric also determines the variety. Woven Fabrics (for example, Plain Weave or Twill ) is tightly woven at right angles in two directions (warp and weft). For example; plain weave, frequently preferred for duvet covers and shirts, is twill weave ( Twill ). Knitted Fabrics offers flexibility by being produced with loops from a single yarn. Technical Parameters: Weight and Yarn To understand fabric quality, the following technical values should be considered: Weight (gr/m²): Indicates the weight of the fabric. Duvet cover cottons are generally 110-140 gr/m² between. Yarn Number (Ne/S):** What is yarn? As the number increases, the yarn becomes finer. Quality shirts Ne 30/1 - Ne 40/1 use yarn between. Usage Areas and Selection Guide The most suitable according to seasons fabric types : Summer/Mediterranean Climate: Breathable Linen and thin Cotton (Poplin). Winter/Insulation Required: Wool, Fleece (Polyester based). Care Conditions Natural fibers (cotton) require a press iron, while ironing synthetics at high temperatures can damage the fiber structure. Therefore, cleaning instructions should be followed.
Read More →What are Fabric Types?
Fabric Types , in the textile industry, are the general name for weaves formed by processing textile raw materials obtained from natural fibers (cotton, wool) or produced chemically (polyester, nylon). These structures are classified according to material origin, yarn structure, and production methods. textile raw materials processing. They are divided according to material origin, yarn structure, and production methods. Contents Fabric Types and Classification Fabric Types Technical Specifications Fabric Types Usage Areas Fabric Types and Classification Fabric types are primarily divided into three main groups: Natural Fiber, Synthetic, and Semi-Synthetic Blended. Natural fibers are of plant origin ( cotton ) or animal origin ( wool ) and offer a highly breathable structure. Synthetic fabric types, on the other hand, are produced from petrochemical-based polymers and stand out in terms of durability and shape retention. In addition to these, blended structures, where natural and synthetic fibers are blended in specific proportions, are also common. This type, designed to balance both comfort and flexibility for dual use, is the most frequently preferred classification in modern apparel and textiles. Fabric Types Technical Specifications The factors that determine the quality and usage area of a fabric are numerical. Being 'soft' is not enough; the following technical data should be used as a reference to understand the differences between fabric types: Grammage (gr/m²): Indicates the surface weight of the fabric. For example, light shirting fabrics are generally between 100-130 g/m², while heavy curtains can be 300 gr/m² and above. Thread Count (Ne): Indicates the fineness or coarseness of the yarn. As the Ne number increases, the fabric becomes finer and smoother (e.g., Ne 40/1). Weave Type: Weave patterns (satin, twill, poplin, etc.) directly affect the fabric's sheen and drape. Material Ratios: Ratios like 50% Cotton - 50% Polyester determine the fabric's performance capabilities such as breathability or ease of care. Feature Technical Specification / Value Range Grammage Lightweight: 100-130 gr/m² | Heavyweight: 300+ gr/m² Structure Plain (Poplin), Satin, Twill (Velvet, etc.) Care Generally 40°C machine wash or dry clean Fabric Types Usage Areas Fabric types, by their names and characteristics, cater to different sectors. In the apparel sector; breathable cotton fabric types are preferred for daily use, while chiffon, organza, and lace fabrics that are translucent and have a fluid drape are used for aesthetic purposes on special occasions. Poplin and linen, chosen for shirts, offer both formality and freshness. Fabric types used in home textiles and furniture must be more resistant to physical load. While upholstery fabric types are produced from abrasion-resistant polyester-based yarns, bed linen sets are generally made from high thread count cotton or cotton/polyester blends to avoid skin irritation. Breathability is always prioritized for sleep quality.
Read More →What are Fabric Weaving Types?
Fabric weaving types , refers to textile production methods created by interlacing warp and weft yarns crosswise. The appearance, flexibility, and durability of the fabric change according to the orientation of the yarns used during this structural process. Its fundamental difference from non-woven fabrics is that it has a distinct weave structure . Contents What are Woven Fabrics? What is the Difference Between Gabardine and Poplin? Which Fabric Weaving Method is More Durable? Technical Details and Care What are Woven Fabrics? There are generally three main models at the core of the weaving technique. Plain weave is the simplest; it is formed by yarns passing over and under each time. Twill (Çuha/Gez) in its weave, threads slide progressively, offering a more durable structure by creating diagonal lines on the surface. Satin (Satine) its weave is characterized by a smooth and shiny surface with long threads. Additionally Ribana (Ribs) special effect weaves like these are also available. Ribana weaves have a noticeable horizontal stripe and this feature is often preferred in undershirts, underwear, or slim-fit garments. Each weave type is a technical decision process that directly determines the intended use of the final product. What is the Difference Between Gabardine and Poplin? The fundamental distinction between these two popular fabric types lies in their weave density and yarn count. Poplin , is generally produced using a high yarn count (Ne 40/1 - Ne 60/1) and a tight plain weave; this results in a smooth surface and it is often preferred in duvet cover sets. Gabardine is made with the Twill (gez) weaving technique. The reason it is among the gabardine weaving fabric types is the stiffness and shape retention it provides. Gabardine, typically produced with %100 cotton, polyester, or wool blends, usually has a weight of 200-300 gr/m². It is thicker and more resistant than poplin, which is why it is often seen in jackets and trousers. Which Fabric Weaving Method is More Durable? Durability depends on the amount of yarn interlacing and the material used. In the generally accepted ranking, double or multiple interlacing Twill (Gez) weaves wear out less and wrinkle less compared to simple plain weaves. However, Satin the long yarns on the surface of the weave may tend to pull in cases of scissors or sandpaper. Technical Details and Care Thread Count: Fabrics with a high thread count have a finer and more luxurious touch. Weight: Low weight fabrics are suitable for summer use, while high weight fabrics are suitable for winter use. Care: Delicate weaves like Satin and Poplin should generally be washed at low temperatures. Weave Type Technical Specification / Usage Typical Weight (gr/m²) Plain (Bast) Breathable, soft, common in bed linens. 110 - 140 Poplin Smooth surface with high thread count. 120 - 150 Twill (Gabardine) Stiff structure, striped pattern, durable for clothing. 200 - 300 Satin Shiny surface, smooth touch. 120 - 160
Read More →What are Fabric Widths?
Fabric width , the single meter obtained by the machine during weaving or knitting process horizontal width refers to. When purchasing fabric by the meter, while selecting its length (meters), this width value (cm) is the fundamental dimension that determines the production process. Contents Why is Fabric Width Important? What are the Common Fabric Widths? Technical Details and Selection Guide Why is Fabric Width Important? In the textile industry , fabric width is directly related to production cost, waste rate, and the final product pattern. Thanks to standardized widths, factories increase line speed and minimize waste fabric. Cost Optimization: Pricing is done by adjusting the grammage (weight) while the width is fixed. Regional Differences: Wider widths are generally seen in the European market, while narrower standards are seen with some Asian manufacturers. What are the Common Fabric Widths? Standard measurements that vary by usage area are as follows: Home Textiles (Bedding/Curtains): Generally 280, 300, and 320 cm are produced in the range. These widths allow for cutting quarter bed sheets without waste. Ready-to-Wear (Dress/Shirt Fabrics): Frequently found in suits and shirt fabrics 140 cm, 150 cm, 160 cm are common. Upholstery Fabrics: For sofa and armchair covers 270-300 cm+ very wide options are preferred. Technical Details and Selection Guide When choosing a fabric, you should consider not only its type but also its technical specifications: Feature Description Woven vs. Knitted In knitted fabrics, the width measurement can change dynamically due to the elasticity of the weft. Grammage Effect The weight per square meter (gr/m²) requires more raw material as the width increases. Cutting Planning In large widths (above 300 cm), in-factory transportation can become difficult. When choosing a suitable bed linen set for your home, checking if the fabric width matches your bed type (140, 160, or 200 cm) will help you minimize the excess fabric after sewing.
Read More →What are Ironing Types?
Ironing Types , applied according to the fabric structure and purpose of use; home type (residential) , professional (industrial) and mechanical methods. Contents Ironing Types and Basic Classification Ironing Technical Specifications and Control Parameters Ironing Methods by Fabric Types and Usage Areas Ironing Types and Basic Classification Ironing methods are generally examined under two main headings. Home type ironing , is the process of manually flattening textile products such as daily clothes and bed linens on a standard ironing board at home with electric irons. Dry ironing or low-pressure steam support is generally used in this method. On the other hand professional and industrial ironing ; is carried out in ready-to-wear factories or large hotel laundries with high-capacity steam boilers, vacuum ironing boards, and automatic press ironing machines. The aim here is to complete high-volume production quickly and with a standard appearance. Mechanical Methods: Hand pressing, detail processing with special iron tips. System Difference: While hand tools are prominent in the home type, gas-powered or high-pressure steam installations are used in the industrial field. Ironing Technical Specifications and Control Parameters Successful ironing depends on correct temperature and steam control. Ironing parameters are adjusted according to the fiber structure of the fabric as follows: Parameters Description and Effect Temperature Level Cold (silk/delicate), Medium (synthetic/blend), High (cotton/linen). Steam Pressure Softens fabric fibers to remove wrinkles; should be used without damaging the texture. Iron Type A wide soleplate is preferred for large surfaces, and a narrow soleplate for details like cuffs/collars. Device Source There are models connected to electricity as an energy source or gas-fed systems. High heat and intense steam ensure the flattening of cotton fabrics, while synthetics can melt. In professional systems, gas-powered iron units provide faster heating and stable temperature compared to electric models. Ironing Methods and Usage Areas According to Fabric Types The fiber component of fabrics is the most critical factor determining the ironing technique to be applied. Natural fibers react differently than thermoplastic structures. Natural Fibers (Cotton, Linen): Requires high heat and plenty of steam. The fabric can be slightly moistened to remove wrinkles. Synthetics and Delicates (Polyester, Silk): At low temperature settings ( Professional Services: In the ready-to-wear sector, special tailor irons (pressing machines) are used to open seams. Alternative care methods should be preferred for textiles with a "do not iron" warning on their fabric care labels (e.g., suits with a very high elastane content or special coated fabrics). Incorrect temperature selection can lead to permanent damage such as shining, shrinking, or melting of the fabric.
Read More →What are Polyester Fabrics?
Contents What are Polyester Fabrics and What are Their Properties? Polyester Fabric Technical Specifications Usage Areas and Comparison What are Polyester Fabrics and What are Their Properties? Polyester fabrics , are a type of synthetic fiber produced by the polymerization of monomers such as ethylene glycol derived from petroleum. Unlike natural fibers, this material, synthesized through chemical processes, is among the most popular choices in modern textiles due to its low moisture absorbency, high durability, and quick-drying capabilities. Polyester, which does not tend to decompose in nature, is highly resistant to wrinkles. This feature reduces the need for ironing. It also has a high color retention ability; it plays an indispensable role in the production of long-lasting and fade-resistant garments. Polyester Fabric Technical Specifications Polyester's technical values can vary depending on the production process (woven or knitted), but generally accepted standard ranges are as follows: Property Value / Description Composition 100% Polyester or Cotton-Polyester Blend (Typically 65% Cotton – 35% Polyester) Weight Typically ranges from 100 - 170 gr/m² (light for apparel, medium-weight for bedding). Weave Type Can be produced in a weft weave (e.g., Poplin, Satin) or knitted (Jersey) structure. Care Conditions Machine washable in warm water at 30-40°C, compatible with tumble dryers. Moisture Absorbency Low (close to 0%, can trap sweat on the body). Usage Areas and Comparison Polyester's versatility makes it usable in a wide range of applications. It is generally dominant in the following sectors: Sportswear: Preferred in performance sports due to its quick moisture-wicking and flexibility. Casual Wear: Used in jackets, trousers, and shirts to maintain their shape. Home Textiles: Applied in pillows, curtains, and sometimes bedding sets to prevent wrinkling. Hotel Industry: Frequently preferred because it can withstand intensive washing cycles. Polyester's biggest disadvantage is that it is not as breathable as natural fibers like cotton. It can be more expensive than cotton or may not feel as comfortable. However, cotton-polyester blend fabrics solve this dilemma: they combine the comfort of cotton with the durability of polyester. As a result, they are the most suitable alternative for products requiring easy care in daily use.
Read More →What are Washing Types?
Washing types ; is the general name for chemical and mechanical processes applied to give fabric an aesthetic appearance or functional properties. Unlike domestic washes that are solely for cleaning, these processes are designed in textile production to give fabric softness, a vintage feel, or a specific color tone. Contents What are the Types of Industrial Washing? Technical Details of the Washing Process The Right Washing Program for Different Fabrics What are the Types of Industrial Washing? Washing methods used in the textile industry vary according to the desired visual and textural effect. The main industrial techniques are: Enzymatic Stone Washing (Stoneless): Using cellulose enzymes, a natural fading and softening effect is created on cotton fabrics. Biotasla: A combination of enzymatic washing with a more aggressive approach, providing a quick vintage effect. Sanoflash (Cold Wash): A chemical/enzymatic process carried out at low temperature and in a short time, saving energy. Chemical Washes: Bleaching or abrasion processes using oxidizing agents such as sodium hypochlorite. Technical Details of the Washing Process A successful washing process relies on precise management of parameters. Machine speed (RPM), duration, and chemical pH values determine the quality of the final product. The table below summarizes general industrial washing standards: Feature Typical Value / Range Temperature Control 30°C - 60°C (Varies by process type) Machine Speed (RPM) 40 - 100 RPM (For mechanical effect) Cycle Time 15 - 45 minutes Effect Criteria % Color Loss, Weight Change, Tensile Strength The Right Washing Program for Different Fabrics Cotton, viscose, and blends containing elastane require different programs due to their thermal sensitivity. Especially in cotton-heavy denim products, high temperatures can cause shrinkage, while viscose blends can lose their shape with mechanical stress. For home textile products, low temperatures and mild detergents should be preferred to ensure hygiene while preserving fabric integrity. Avoiding high heat in tumble dryers after washing and adhering to the tailor's recommended programs will extend the product's life. Choosing the right program that considers fabric composition is essential for achieving professional results.
Read More →What is Colored Duvet Cover?
Colored Duvet Cover , a term referring to a duvet cover set made from patterned or colored fabrics. It generally includes fabric types such as cotton and microfiber, and adds vibrancy to the bedroom. Colored duvet covers change the style and atmosphere of the room; patterned and bright tones energize the bedroom. Therefore, colored duvet covers allow you to move beyond the calmness offered by plain sets. How Many Degrees Should Colored Duvet Covers Be Washed At? The general recommendation for colored duvet covers is to wash carefully between 30°C and 40°C. It is recommended to use cold or warm water to prevent colors from bleeding and to prefer colored detergent. It is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and the guidelines indicated on the label; even if higher temperatures are recommended for heavy stains, the 30°C–40°C range is safe for most colored products. Tips for Protecting Colored Duvet Covers Choose colored detergents and avoid using excessive detergent; it is good for rinsing. Pay attention to the compatibility of the washing program and laundry capacity; be careful not to overload the machine and wash with similar colors. Prefer low heat or natural drying for drying; high heat can fade colors and weaken the fabric.
Read More →What is Colored Duvet Cover Set?
Colored Duvet Cover Set , a duvet cover set that includes patterned or colored pieces and generally covers a sheet, pillowcase, and pillow sham. These types of sets are usually made from cotton, microfiber, or blended fabrics; colored designs add energy to the room but require careful maintenance. How to Wash a Colored Duvet Cover Set For most colored duvet covers, gentle or color programs in the range of 30–40°C are recommended. High heat can weaken the fabric fibers and lead to color fading; therefore, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions. Bleach use should be limited, and colored detergents should be preferred. Detergent selection directly affects color safety. Products containing color-protecting formulas maintain vibrancy; separate washing for whites is recommended. Washing pieces separately in similar tones reduces color bleeding and prevents mixing. Tips to Prevent Color Fading Washing new colored products separately for the first few washes is a good practice to test for dye bleeding. Washing pieces in similar tones together reduces color mixing. Dry at low heat or air dry; drying in the sun can reduce the vibrancy of colors.
Read More →What is Cotton?
Cotton briefly is the English term for "cotton" in the textile industry. It is a natural plant fiber obtained from the seed capsules of the cotton plant (Gossypium). It is one of the most preferred raw materials in the production of duvet covers, sheets, towels, and hotel textiles. Technical Specifications Fiber Structure: Natural cellulose fiber Moisture Absorption Capacity: High (can retain up to 25% of its weight in moisture) Breathability: High Durability: Strength increases when wet Washing Temperature: 60-90°C (for institutional/hospital textiles) Common Usage Areas: Duvet cover set, sheet, towel, mattress protector, hospital textiles Types of Cotton Used in Textiles %100 Cotton: Pure cotton fabric Combed Cotton: Combed cotton, smoother and more durable Ring Spun Cotton: Ring-spun cotton, soft texture Cotton/Polyester Blend: Cotton-polyester blend (e.g., %80 Cotton/%20 Polyester) Egyptian Cotton: Egyptian cotton, long-staple and luxury segment
Read More →What is Duvet Cover?
What is a Duvet Cover? Technical Specifications Types of Duvet Covers What is a Duvet Cover? In short, a duvet cover is a fabric cover that is placed over a duvet and pillow to prevent them from getting dirty, and can be removed and washed. It is usually made from cotton fabrics (ranforce, satin, cotton/polyester blend) and is sold as a duvet cover set, including a duvet cover and pillowcase. It is one of the most widely used textile products in corporate businesses such as hotels, hospitals, and dormitories. Technical Specifications Raw Material: Ranforce, satin, or cotton/polyester blend fabric Set Content: Duvet cover + pillowcase (sheet included in some sets) Closure System: Zipper, snap, or tie Weight: Average 120-180 gr/m² (varies by fabric type) Washing Temperature: 60-90°C (for corporate textiles) Durability: Expected to withstand a high number of washes in corporate use Common Usage Areas: Hotel room, hospital, dormitory, guesthouse Types of Duvet Covers Ranforce Duvet Cover: Tightly woven, matte surface, durable, and economical Satin Duvet Cover: Shiny surface, soft texture, more luxurious appearance Cotton/Polyester Blend Duvet Cover: Wrinkle-resistant, easy to iron, practical for corporate use Single Duvet Cover: For standard single bed sizes Double Duvet Cover: For standard double bed sizes
Read More →What is Fabric Composition?
Fabric composition , the technical definition that determines from which raw materials (fibers) and in which percentages a textile product is produced. Seeing phrases like "%100 Cotton" or "%65 Polyester / %35 Wool" on a fabric's label directly indicates the breathability, elasticity, durability, and care requirements of that garment or home textile. Contents What Does Fabric Composition Mean and Where is it on the Label? What Properties Do Natural and Synthetic Fibers Have? How Does Fabric Composition Affect Care Instructions? What Does Fabric Composition Mean and Where is it on the Label? This definition, used in the textile industry, is a legal requirement that informs the consumer about the product's content. The fabric composition is usually found on the care label sewn onto the side of the product. The ratios indicated here are calculated based on total weight and answer the consumer's question, "Why is this product good for my skin or why does it dry quickly?". In blended fabrics, the comfort of natural fibers is balanced with the functionality of synthetic fibers for more efficient production. What Properties Do Natural and Synthetic Fibers Have? The main groups that appear when classifying fabric types are technical details that determine whether your choice is arbitrary: Natural Fibers: They are divided into two groups: plant-based (cotton, linen) and animal-based (wool, silk). They are generally breathable, skin-friendly, and static-free, but can be expensive and wrinkle easily. Synthetic Fibers: They are petroleum-based materials such as polyester, nylon, and elastane. They increase durability, are easy to wash, dry quickly, and retain their shape; however, their breathability is lower than natural fibers. Common Fabric Composition Examples Combo Position Description and Features %100 Cotton Porous structure; ideal for summer months, sensitive skin, and bedding. Irons, may shrink. %60 Cotton - %40 Polyester Balance of resistance and comfort. Maintains its shape well, has low wrinkling and is durable. %98 Polyester - %2 Elastane Suitable for sportswear; provides high elasticity and fast moisture transfer. How Does Fabric Composition Affect Care Instructions? Composition ratios determine how your garment should be cleaned to extend its life. Pure silk and wool fibers can be sensitive to detergents, while polyester-based blends have much more durable washing conditions. For example, a sportswear with a high percentage of elastane is heat-sensitive, while a pure cotton bedding set can shrink at high temperatures. Therefore, composition accuracy is important in quality textiles certified with certifications such as GOTS or OEKO-TEX.
Read More →What is Fabric Thread Count?
Fabric thread count , a measure indicating the density of threads in a fabric's weave, known in English as "Thread Count" (TC) . Technically, it refers to the total number of vertical (warp) and horizontal (weft) threads within one square inch of fabric. This value is directly related to the fabric's density. Generally, higher thread counts create the perception of a smoother, softer, and more durable fabric. However, thread count alone is not the sole determinant of fabric quality; the type of material used and the yarn processing method are also decisive factors. Contents How to Calculate Fabric Thread Count? What Should the Thread Count Be for a Duvet Cover Set? Is Higher Thread Count Fabric Better Quality? How to Calculate Fabric Thread Count? The basic formula for thread count is quite simple: the sum of the number of vertical threads and horizontal threads per inch. Calculation Method: TC = Vertical Thread Count + Horizontal Thread Count. Example: If a fabric has 150 threads across and 150 threads lengthwise, the thread count will be 300 (300 TC). Points to Note: Some manufacturers may use two thin threads twisted together to enhance quality. This can artificially increase the TC value but does not always reflect the actual fabric quality. Feature / Range Value and Description Standard Home Use 200 - 400 TC Hotel Quality (Luxury) 300 - 800+ TC Cost-Effective / Economical 100 - 200 TC Unit of Measurement Total Threads Per Inch What Should the Thread Count Be for a Duvet Cover Set? When shopping for bed linens, choosing the right thread count directly impacts your sleep comfort. The following recommendations can be made based on seasonal needs: For Summer Months: Cotton sateen between 200-300 TC, which is breathable, lightweight, and prevents sweating, should be preferred. For Winter Months: Weaves of 400 TC and above are recommended for a warmer, more draped, and smooth feel. Daily Use: These are mid-range options that best balance durability and breathability. Is Higher Thread Count Fabric Better Quality? Yes, generally higher thread counts promise a better quality experience; however, this rule is not absolute. Fabrics with very high thread counts (above 800 TC) can restrict airflow, leading to sweating. For the right choice, it is essential to look not only at the number but also at cotton fiber quality and weave type. A balanced thread count ensures a healthy sleep environment and offers long-lasting use.
Read More →What is Fabric Weight?
Contents What is Fabric Weight and What Does It Do? Fabric Weight Technical Specifications Fabric Weight Selection and Usage Areas What is Fabric Weight and What Does It Do? Fabric weight , a fundamental measure of a fabric's weight per square meter. textile weight This value gives the reader a physical first impression of how 'thick', 'thin', 'light', or 'heavy' the fabric is. This parameter plays a critical role in determining the product's drape, feel, and durability. Fabric Weight Technical Specifications This measurement, often referred to by the abbreviation GSM fabric in the industry, is determined in grams per square meter (gr/m²). The clearest answer to the question of how fabric weight is measured is the laboratory method: it is obtained by dividing the net weight of a fabric piece of a specific size by its measured surface area. The 'weight measurement' method, known as a practical test at home, works similarly. This number alone is not an indicator of fabric quality. Different thread counts or weave/tel structures used at the same weight can create a different sense of thickness in the product. However, high-weight fabrics are generally stiffer, while low-weight ones are thinner and more breathable. Technical Value Description Unit of Measurement Grams/square meter (gr/m² or GSM) Calculation Formula Net Weight (g) / Surface Area (m²) Influencing Factors Fiber type, yarn number, and weaving/washing processes. Fabric Weight Selection and Usage Areas Fabric weights, accepted as standard worldwide, vary greatly depending on the intended use. The following ranges are generally accepted for seasonal needs and usability: T-Shirts and Blouses: Generally between 140-190 gr/m². Pay attention to the lower limits for a light feel in summer, and the upper limits for a more durable form. Shirts and Trousers: 250-350 gr/m² is ideal, providing moderate resistance. For shirts, 120-170 gr/m² is generally preferred. Duvet Cover Sets: In quality fabrics like Pima cotton, 100-140 gr/m² offers flexibility and softness. Those who want a thicker feel should look at the 160 gr/m² range. Spray Fabric Paint: These types of applications generally yield results on light-colored, medium-weight (180+ gr/m²) 100% cotton fabrics. Choosing the right weight for the season directly affects not only the appearance but also the comfort. beyaznevresim When you examine the current product details from reliable sources like, you can notice that the weight data is clearly indicated on the labels.
Read More →What is Fabric Yardage?
Contents What is Fabric Yardage and Its Importance How to Calculate Fabric Yardage Technical Details: Width, Weight, and Repeat Frequently Asked Technical Questions How Can I Convert Yardage to Kilograms? Tips for Choosing the Right Yardage What is Fabric Yardage and Its Importance Fabric yardage , is a measurement used in the textile industry to measure fabric by length meter (m) unit. When fabric is sold from the loom or stock, it refers to how much of that strip, whose width remains constant, is taken. The accuracy of yardage calculation directly affects both raw material costs and production success. Incorrectly calculated yardage leads to either unnecessary raw material waste or material shortage in the project. How to Calculate Fabric Yardage The calculation method is based on standards that vary according to the type of product to be produced: Ready-to-Wear Clothing: An additional allowance of usually %10-15 (krum) is added to the total area of the product pattern. This allowance is for discarding fabric defects or pattern alignment. Curtain Textiles: For vertical curtains, to achieve the desired fullness, 1.5 to 2 times the window width is required as yardage (%50-%100 folding allowance). Sofa/Couch: Due to complex geometries, extra space should be allocated for seam allowances and folds in addition to the outer dimensions. Wholesale Purchase: When processing at an industrial level, the logic of converting to kilograms is used instead of selling in kilometers. Technical Details: Width, Weight, and Repeat There are three critical factors that are overlooked when calculating yardage but change the result: Fabric Width: Standard widths (140 cm, 150 cm, 280 cm, etc.) determine the yardage requirement. Weight (g/m²): This is the surface weight of the fabric; higher weight means a heavier product for the same yardage. Print Repeat: This is the interval at which the pattern repeats in patterned fabrics and creates an additional yardage requirement for alignment. Feature Typical Value / Ratio Additional Allowance for Apparel %10 - %15 Curtain Folding Allowance %50 - %100 (i.e., 1.5x - 2.0x) Standard Widths 140cm, 150cm, 280cm Weight Measurement usually 110-140 gr/m² Frequently Asked Technical Questions How Can I Convert Yardage to Kilograms? The conversion between fabric yardage and weight cannot be a linear relationship because each fabric has a different density. Use the following formula to convert: (Fabric Width [meters] x Purchased Yardage [meters] x Weight [gr/m²]) / 1000 = Total Kilograms. For example; 10 meters of fabric with a width of 150 cm and a weight of 100 gr/m² weighs approximately 1.5 kg. Tips for Choosing the Right Yardage For a duvet cover set, you need to carefully plan the total area as a double bedspread, two sheets, and four pillowcases will be produced. When purchasing patterned fabric, you can prevent pattern mismatch by buying full multiples of the repeat size. Beyaznevresim check fabric widths and weight information from reliable sources, thus minimizing the risk of error.
Read More →What is Four Seasons Duvet Cover?
Briefly, four-season duvet cover means a product sold as two separate thin and thick duvet/bedding sets, which can be used as both summer and winter, connected by snaps or ties. The thin part can be used alone in summer, the thick part alone in spring/autumn, and both combined in winter. Note: "Four-season duvet cover" is not a technical textile term, but rather a term established in marketing/sales language. There is no standard technical definition in the industry; different manufacturers may use this name for slightly different product combinations. It would be beneficial for SEO and trust to clearly state this on your glossary page. Technical Specifications Structure: Two pieces (thin duvet/bedding + thick duvet/bedding), connectable with snaps/ties Raw Material: Usually ranforce, sateen, or cotton/polyester blend fabric Usage Logic: Thin piece = summer, thick piece = spring/autumn, both together = winter Advantage: Eliminates the need to buy separate products for 4 seasons with a single purchase Common Usage Areas: Primarily home textiles; less preferred in the hotel/corporate segment (corporate businesses generally keep separate stock according to the season)
Read More →What is Gabardine Fabric?
Gabardine fabric , a sturdy textile product produced with a cross (twill) arrangement of warp and weft yarns, showing high resistance to water, wind, and abrasion due to its tight weave. Contents What is Gabardine Fabric and Its History Gabardine Fabric Technical Specifications Usage Areas and Advantages What is Gabardine Fabric and Its History The origin of the term dates back to the British inventor Thomas Burberry. Burberry developed this fabric, which he introduced for civilian use, specifically for military clothing and for durability against outdoor conditions; over time, it became standard for trench coats and tailored clothing. The main characteristic of gabardine is the distinct diagonal line pattern formed on its surface. Gabardine Fabric Technical Specifications One of the most striking aspects of this fabric type is its weight range. Generally 250-350 g/m² these values, which vary between, give the fabric a heavy and robust structure. Furthermore, the ability to provide flexibility by adding elastane is one of the most important features of modern versions. Weave Type: Twill (diagonal weave). Fiber Content: %100 wool, cotton, or polyester blends. Surface Structure: Distinct diagonal pattern, smooth texture. Protection: Due to its tight weave, it is difficult for wind and heavy rain to pass through. Feature Value / Description Weight Generally in the range of 250-350 gr/m². Resistance Resistant to tearing with high tensile strength. Care It shapes easily, accepts ironing, and is easy to clean. Usage Areas and Advantages It has a wide range of uses from daily life to the professional sector. It is one of the most preferred fabrics for the production of trousers, jackets, trench coats, and dresses. It is particularly preferred in the healthcare sector due to its hygienic, easy-to-wash, and long-lasting properties. Healthcare Sector: It is widely used in the trousers of operating room personnel. For example, Operating Room Gabardine Fabric its properties reinforce its popularity in this field. Office Wear: It is ideal for company uniforms due to its ability to maintain its creases and shape for a long time. Garment Industry: Provides functionality in outerwear and trench coats.
Read More →What is Gassed Mercerized Yarn?
In short, gassed mercerized yarn , means a high-quality cotton yarn that has undergone both "gassing" (burning off short and excess fibers on the surface) and "mercerization" (imparting shine and durability) processes. When these two processes are applied together, the yarn becomes smoother, shinier, stronger, and has a higher dye uptake capacity. Technical Specifications Gassing Process: The short fibers on the yarn surface are quickly passed through a flame and burned off, smoothing the surface Mercerization Process: The yarn is passed through a caustic soda (NaOH) solution under tension; the fibers swell and straighten Result: Brighter surface, increased strength, better dye uptake capacity, reduced pilling Raw Material: %100 cotton yarn Areas of Use: High-quality bed linen, satin fabric, shirting fabric, fine woven products Cost: Higher than standard yarn (due to extra processing steps) Why Choose It? Shine: Silky smooth shiny appearance thanks to mercerization Durability: Longer-lasting fabric thanks to increased fiber strength Smoothness: Fuzz-free, even surface thanks to gassing Color Vibrancy: More vibrant and permanent colors due to increased dye uptake capacity Synonyms: gassed mercerized yarn, mercerized cotton yarn, gassed mercerized yarn
Read More →What is Knitted Fabric?
Knitted fabric , a textile material with high elasticity, formed by connecting one or more threads with loops. Unlike woven fabrics, it is created with a loop structure without warp and weft threads. Contents How is Knitted Fabric Produced and How Does it Differ from Woven Fabric? Technical Specifications of Knitted Fabric: Grammage and Elasticity Does Knitted Fabric Make You Sweat, Does it Breathe? Where is Knitted Fabric Used? How is Knitted Fabric Produced and How Does it Differ from Woven Fabric? In the production of knitted fabric, threads are formed into loops by being pulled backward by machine needles or by hand. These loops interlock to form the fabric. While woven fabrics have two perpendicular axes (weft and warp) intersecting, this structure is absent in knitting; instead, there are single or multi-threaded loops intertwined like a chain. This fundamental technical difference gives the fabric unique elasticity. The difference between machine knitting (plain or interlock) and hand knitting lies in production speed and pattern complexity; machine knitting, which ensures fast production, is generally preferred in the industry. Technical Specifications of Knitted Fabric: Grammage and Elasticity The most prominent feature of knitted fabrics, compared to their woven counterparts, is their much greater capacity for stretching and recovery. Especially thanks to their 4-way stretch properties, they conform perfectly to the body. Feature Description / Value General Grammage Range 30 - 200 gr/m² (Varies by application) Elasticity High; Generally stretches 20-40% horizontally Texture Structure Loop-based; Contains breathable spaces Wrinkle Resistance High; Does not wrinkle easily due to its natural elasticity These technical specifications are particularly prominent in comfort-oriented garments. Thin knitted fabrics with low grammage are ideal for summer months, while products made from thick knitted yarns are used in winter sweaters. Does Knitted Fabric Make You Sweat, Does it Breathe? Due to the loop structure formed by the threads, knitted fabric does not impede airflow. Therefore, fabrics knitted with natural fibers (cotton, wool) are highly breathable and do not cause sweating . However, in types knitted with synthetic fibers like polyester, breathability may decrease depending on the fabric's processing and density. Nevertheless, it generally offers a more airy feel compared to woven fabrics. Where is Knitted Fabric Used? Due to its body-hugging and freedom-of-movement structure, knitted fabrics are indispensable in today's textile industry. Their main areas of use are: Apparel Products: T-shirts, polos, sweatshirts, sweaters, socks, leggings, and underwear. Sportswear: Yoga pants, tank tops (as they require high elasticity). Design and Accessories: Hats, beanies, shoe uppers (knit upper), and upholstery fabrics. Knitted fabric, by its nature, can change shape but is designed to retain its form with quality craftsmanship. Whether it is for summer or winter depends entirely on the chosen yarn (silk, cotton, wool) and grammage.
Read More →What is Linen Fabric?
Linen fabric , Linum usitatissimum is a textile material produced from a natural cellulosic fiber obtained from the (common flax) plant, known for its high durability and cooling properties. Used since ancient times, linen is considered one of the most important raw materials for sustainable fashion due to its cultivation with near-zero water consumption. Why is it Preferred and What are its Technical Specifications? The main advantage of linen fabric is its ability to wick away sweat from the body, creating a moist and cool sensation. It has a stiffer and less flexible texture compared to cotton fabrics, but it softens with washing. It also exhibits natural antibacterial properties as it is not conducive to microbial growth. Its preference in hot weather is due to its good breathability and lack of heat insulation. Feature Description / Value Fiber Source Flax Plant (100% Natural Fiber) Strength 20-40% stronger even when wet. Weave Type Generally Plain or Twill Care May shrink with heat; easy to iron. What are its Areas of Use? Linen fabric varieties take on different names according to their areas of use and serve functional purposes: Apparel Textile: Provides coolness in summer trousers, shirts, and dresses. Home Textile: Offers aesthetics and durability in tablecloths, curtains, and upholstery. Medical Textile: Used in operating room garments due to its hygienic and antibacterial structure. For example, our Operating Room Green Linen Fabric is an example of this category. What is the Difference Between Raw Linen and Duck Linen? Raw linen is the type with minimal processing, retaining its natural color, and generally having a thicker/raw structure. Duck linen fabric is a type of linen produced for heavy-duty applications (upholstery, luggage, etc.), made from tightly woven and thick yarns. Both types carry the durable and somewhat wrinkle-prone nature of natural linen. For your large volume needs, Wholesale Linen Fabric supply is possible.
Read More →What is Microfiber Fabric?
Microfiber Fabric , produced using synthetic filaments much finer than standard polyester yarns (0.1-0.3 denier), generally %80-90 Polyester/Polypropylene and %10-20 Polyamide (Nylon) is a textile material known for its blended structure. Thanks to its special texture, its surface area expands, gaining the ability to quickly absorb liquids through 'capillary action'. Its difference from conventional synthetics is the velvety softness and superior performance resulting from the microscopic fineness of the fibers. Contents Technical Structure and Properties of Microfiber What Does Microfiber Do and Where Is It Used? Is Microfiber Fabric Healthy and Eco-Friendly? Technical Structure and Properties of Microfiber The main advantage of microfiber is its fineness, about 1/16th that of traditional polyester. This increases breathability and prevents a sticky feeling on the skin. Here are the key parameters to consider: Feature Value / Description Composition %80-90 Polyester or Polypropylene + %10-20 Polyamide Fiber Fineness 0.1 - 0.3 Denier (Much finer than standard polyester) Feel Suede (Velvet) like, smooth and soft Absorbency High; quickly absorbs and retains water due to its capillary structure Weight Generally lightweight (e.g., around 150-200 gr/m² for home textiles) Care Washable at low temperatures, dries quickly, high color fastness What Does Microfiber Do and Where Is It Used? The trapping structure and durability of microfiber fabric make it indispensable in various sectors. The most common areas of use are: Home Textiles: Provides a non-sweating, skin-friendly sleep experience in duvet covers, sheets, and pillowcases. Cleaning Industry: It is the main material for professional cleaning cloths as it can physically trap dust and microorganisms. Textiles and Apparel: Provides flexibility and moisture management in underwear, undershirts, and acupuncture padding. Is Microfiber Fabric Healthy and Eco-Friendly? In terms of health, microfiber stands out with its hypoallergenic property. As it is produced from synthetic fibers, it does not harbor certain allergens like natural plant pollen and is resistant to bacterial growth. In this regard, it can be a safe choice for people with asthma and allergies. However, there is a point to consider regarding its environmental impact. As it is a petroleum-derived plastic product, it can release microscopic particles (microplastics) during washing. Therefore, when it comes to environmentally conscious consumption, it is recommended to evaluate it carefully in terms of sustainability compared to natural fibers (e.g., organic cotton). Nevertheless, its long-lasting structure provides an indirect benefit by reducing the need for frequent replacement.
Read More →What is Nonwoven?
Information About Nonwoven Fabric Some fabrics within textile materials are produced to be usable in many sectors. Perhaps the most comprehensive of these materials is Nonwoven fabric. What is Nonwoven? Nonwoven fabric is a technical textile material that is not knitted or woven, produced only for special uses. It is low-cost depending on its usage period. This product is known for its liquid absorption/repellency, strength, flexibility, softness, tensile strength, non-flammability, filtration capacity, and resistance to bacteria. These products can be used in many application stages. You will understand how extensive its scope is when you see the sectors and products where nonwoven fabric is used. In Which Sectors is Nonwoven Fabric Used? Hygiene Sector Medical Sector Textile Sector Artificial Leather Sector Automotive Sector Construction Sector Filter Sector Products Where Nonwoven Fabric is Used Hygiene Sector Wet Wipes Diapers Feminine Hygiene Products Dressing Pads Adult Diapers Disposable Towels Disposable Slippers and Shoes Medical Sector Stretcher Covers Surgical Gowns Caps Masks Surgical Drapes and Covers Automotive Sector Trunk Carpets Headliner Coverings Floor Mats Insulators Headliner Textile Sector Collar Interlining Felt Wicking Material Artificial Leather Sector Upholstery Shoe Lining Bag Lining Construction Sector Drainage Systems Channels Water and Moisture Barriers Frost Protection Soil Stabilization Filter Sector Water Filters Air Filters Oil Filters Properties of Nonwoven Fabric Nonwoven fabrics are produced by forming fibers into a web using different techniques and bonding them thermally, chemically, or mechanically. These methods increase production speed, reduce labor needs, and lower costs. Its properties depend on many factors such as the type of fiber used, the thickness of the web, and the bonding method. Extra Properties Depending on Use Easy moldability Resistance to wet and dry cleaners High absorbency Hypoallergenic structure Non-pilling surface Abrasion resistance Dimensional stability Shape retention Wrinkle resistance Nonwoven Fibers The most commonly used fibers in nonwoven fabric production are: polypropylene (62%), polyester (24%), and viscose rayon (8%). The type of fiber directly affects the appearance, performance, and texture of the nonwoven fabric. Both natural and synthetic fibers can be used. Classification of Fibers Animal Fibers: Wool, alpaca, cashmere, silk, etc. Vegetable Fibers: Cotton, linen, jute, hemp, coir, etc. Mineral Fibers: Asbestos, basalt, mineral wool Important Fibers in Nonwoven Technology Rayon Polyester Cotton Polypropylene Nylon Wood Pulp Glass Fiber Blended Fibers Today, synthetic fibers are predominantly preferred in nonwoven production due to their advantages in hygiene, quality, and cost. However, some natural fibers are still used, especially in home textiles and floor coverings, due to their unique performance.
Read More →What is Nonwoven Fabric?
Nonwoven fabric , a textile product formed by bonding fibers or yarns mechanically, chemically, and thermally instead of traditional weaving or knitting methods. This production technique ensures the integrity of the material without the need for yarn interlacing. Contents How is Nonwoven Fabric Produced? Nonwoven Fabric Technical Specifications What is Nonwoven Fabric Used For? Where is Nonwoven Fabric Used? How is Nonwoven Fabric Produced? Nonwoven fabric production is based on melting polymers and converting them into fine fibers that are then bonded. In the Spunbond method, one of the most common techniques, molten plastic comes together in a fibrous structure. Meltblown method, on the other hand, provides high filtration capability by using much finer fibers, while the Spunlace (hydroentanglement) method tightens the fibers with high-pressure water jets, providing softness and absorbency. Nonwoven Fabric Technical Specifications The main advantage of this fabric type is its ability to be produced in large volumes at a low cost. It is generally made from raw materials such as Polypropylene (PP) , polyester, or viscose. The table below summarizes generally accepted technical values: Technical Specifications Status / Value Range Fiber Content 100% Polypropylene (PP), Polyester Weight Typical: 10 – 150 gr/m² Hygiene Standard Dust-free, sterilizable Lifespan Disposable or Reusable What Does Nonwoven Fabric Do? The main function of nonwoven fabrics is filtering, insulation, sealing, and hygiene control. It is preferred in industrial needs because it allows for faster production compared to woven fabrics. It can be applied in a wide range due to its ability to be customized as water-resistant or hydrophilic (water-attracting). Where is Nonwoven Fabric Used? These fabric types have become standard in many areas from daily life to industry. Its main areas of use are: Medical and Hygiene: Surgical masks, hospital gowns, gloves, and stretcher covers. Agricultural and Industrial: Soil protection covers (tela), geotextile materials, and acoustic sponge layers. Packaging and Home Textiles: Shopping bags, furniture linings, and rug bases.
Read More →What is Percale Fabric?
Percale Fabric , created by threads passing over and under each other individually plain weave is a type of textile known for its matte appearance, smooth surface, and high breathability. Percale Fabric Weaving Structure and Technical Specifications In this fabric type, the threads are tightly woven in a "one over, one under" pattern. Unlike satin, this structure, formed with equal tension in both directions without skipping threads on the surface, gives the fabric a slightly stiff but crisp texture . As a result, the product offers a refreshing feel rather than shine. Weaving Technique: Plain Weave. Each thread crosses the other at a single point. Raw Material: Usually 100% long staple cotton or cotton-polyester blends. Thread Count: Standard 200-400 range. Appearance: Not shiny like silk, matte and natural surface. Weight: Medium thickness (suit fabric weight), does not create a towel effect. Percale vs. Satin Fabric Difference and Usage Areas The main difference from satin fabric is not the shine but the 'cooling' feature. The plain structure of Percale allows air to pass easily through the fabric, which keeps the user cool. It is especially ideal for users prone to sweating and those who like to sleep in hot weather. In the hotel industry hotel percale bedding is preferred, while for home use, Satin is recommended for those seeking a soft texture; Percale can be recommended for those who value a refreshing, natural, and durable feel. Thanks to the high thread count, colors remain vibrant and the fabric's lifespan is extended.
Read More →What is Peshtemal?
In short, peştemal , a type of cover/towel known for its thin, light, and absorbent texture, generally produced for hammam and beach use, made with traditional Turkish weaving technique. It has a thinner, faster-drying, and more space-saving structure compared to classic towels. It is frequently preferred in the spa, hammam, and pool areas of hotels. Technical Specifications Raw Material: Generally 100% cotton (cotton/viscose blend in some types) Weaving Technique: Plain weave, non-terry (lint-free) surface Weight: Average 150-350 gr/m² (much lower than classic towels) Drying Time: Dries quickly, takes up little space Breathability: High Washing Temperature: 40-90°C (varies according to usage area) Common Usage Areas: Hammam, spa, beach, poolside, hotel bathrooms Peştemal Types Hammam Peştemal: Traditional, thin, and densely woven, specific for hammam use Beach Peştemal: Wider, with colorful patterns, for beach/pool use Towel Peştemal (Peştemal Towel): Hybrid structure with one side terry woven, one side plain woven Fringed Peştemal: Classic type with decorative fringe detail on the edges
Read More →What is Pique?
What is a Pike? Technical Specifications Pike Types What is a Pike? Pike , is a fabric generally woven from cotton yarns, with a raised/patterned texture on its surface, and a type of bedspread produced from this fabric. It comes from the French word "piqué" (stitched, processed). In hotel and hospital textiles, it is generally used as a summer bedspread or a top sheet for duvet covers. Technical Specifications Raw Material: Generally 100% cotton or cotton-weighted blend Texture Structure: Raised, jacquard, or waffle (honeycomb) patterned weave Weight: Average 200-350 gr/m² Breathability: High Season of Use: Generally spring/summer (thin, light structure) Washing Temperature: 60-90°C (for institutional textiles) Common Usage Areas: Bedspread, top sheet for duvet covers, decorative covering for hotel rooms Pike Types Jacquard Pike: Woven on a jacquard loom, patterned and textured surface Waffle Pike: Honeycomb patterned, light and absorbent structure Pike with Blanket: Thicker version with thin cotton filling added inside Single Layer Pike: Thin, single-layer summer cover
Read More →What is Pique Fabric?
Pike fabric is a three-layered textile product with embossed waffle or square patterns on its surface, formed by weaving yarns from two directions with different tensions. Taking its name from the French word 'piqué', it stands out with its lightness and durability. , its surface has embossed waffle or square patterns, formed by weaving yarns from two directions with different tensions. It stands out with its lightness and durability, taking its name from the French word 'piqué'. Contents What is Pike Fabric and Its Structure? Pike Fabric Technical Specifications Usage Areas and Advantages Frequently Asked Questions Is pike fabric suitable for summer? What is the difference between pike fabric and poplin? Why doesn't pike fabric cause sweating? What is Pike Fabric and Its Structure? Also known as 'knitted pique' or 'waffle pique', this fabric type increases air circulation thanks to its porous structure on the surface. It is generally cotton, polyester or a blend of the two. A peeling process can be applied for a soft touch. Pike Fabric Technical Specifications The quality and use of pike fabrics vary according to grammage, thread count, and yarn quality. These values may differ from manufacturer to manufacturer. Feature Value Weave Type Waffle / Balk (Square) Weave Grammage Range 120 - 300 gr/m² Yarn Quality Generally 20s - 40s river yarn Washing Condition Generally resistant up to 60°C Due to its weave structure, its elasticity is limited; if elasticity is desired, lycra is added to the fabric. It is resistant to wrinkles but may tend to crease at high temperatures. Usage Areas and Advantages The non-sweating, quick-drying, and hygienic structure of pike fabric makes it suitable for versatile uses: Duvet Cover Sets: Preferred in summer months for its cooling effect. Clothing Items: Frequently seen in men's polo shirts and dresses. Automotive: Provides comfort and longevity in vehicle seat covers. Frequently Asked Questions Is pike fabric suitable for summer? Yes, especially 100% cotton pike fabric; thanks to its airy and porous structure, it does not cause sweating in the summer months and keeps the skin cool. What is the difference between pike fabric and poplin? While poplin is a smooth fabric with a plain weave, pike fabric has a distinct waffle weave on its surface. Pike, which has a more voluminous appearance than poplin, is generally superior in terms of breathability. Why doesn't pike fabric cause sweating? The three-layered, towel-like surface structure, formed by weaving two types of yarn with different tensions, facilitates air passage, balancing body temperature.
Read More →What is Poplin Fabric?
Poplin fabric , a plain weave fabric obtained by weaving warp and weft yarns of different thicknesses (counts), with fine horizontal lines on its surface. Although usually produced from cotton, it can also be found in viscose or polyester blends. Contents What is Poplin Fabric and What is its Weaving Technique? Poplin Fabric Technical Specifications Where is Poplin Fabric Used? Frequently Asked Questions Does poplin fabric cause sweating? Is poplin fabric see-through? What is the difference between poplin fabric and cotton fabric? What is Poplin Fabric and What is its Weaving Technique? Poplin is based on the plain (tabby) weave system. Its most distinctive feature is that the warp yarns are finer and denser than the weft yarns, while the weft yarns are thicker. This difference creates a slightly raised, notched feel and fine horizontal lines on the fabric surface. Thanks to its weaving technique, the fabric is both durable and has a silky touch. Poplin Fabric Technical Specifications While poplin fabric properties vary depending on the fiber type and weight used, they are defined by the following typical values: Property Value / Range Fiber content 100% Cotton, Viscose, or Polyester-Cotton blend Weight Generally 100–160 gr/m² (apparel), 110–140 gr/m² (home textiles) Yarn count Warp Ne 40/1 – 60/1, thicker yarn in weft Weave type Plain weave, different yarn counts Surface feel Flat, smooth, raised with fine lines Breathability High (thin structure) Permeability: Due to its thin structure, it has high air permeability; it keeps you cool in the summer. Care: It holds its shape easily and can be worked with comfortably without requiring seam allowances; however, it may shrink slightly when washed. Where is Poplin Fabric Used? Poplin fabric has a wide range of uses due to its light structure and print-friendly surface. It is preferred in both apparel and home textiles. Apparel: Shirts, dresses, skirts, and summer suits. Home textiles: Lightweight bed linens, pillowcases, kitchen textiles. Printed fabrics: Its flat and smooth surface provides an ideal base for patterned designs. Frequently Asked Questions Does poplin fabric cause sweating? Poplin fabrics with a high cotton content generally do not cause sweating due to their high breathability; this may vary with synthetic blends. Is poplin fabric see-through? Thin-weight poplin fabrics, especially in light colors, may be slightly see-through; this issue is eliminated with thicker weights or lined use. What is the difference between poplin fabric and cotton fabric? Poplin is a weaving technique; cotton is a fiber type. Poplin fabric can be made of cotton or blends; the difference lies in the fine striped weave on the surface and the difference in yarn thickness.
Read More →What is Ranforce Fabric?
Briefly, ranforce means a durable cotton fabric type produced with a tight and plain weave technique, made of 100% cotton or cotton-weighted, with a matte surface. It is one of the most commonly used fabrics in the production of duvet covers, sheets, and pillowcases, and is especially preferred in institutional textiles that are washed frequently, such as hotels and hospitals. Technical Specifications Raw Material: %100 Cotton or cotton-weighted blend Weave Technique: Plain weave, tight yarn density Surface: Matte, slightly textured Weight: Average 120-140 gr/m² Breathability: High Durability: High resistance to frequent washing Washing Temperature: 60-90°C (for institutional textiles) Common Usage Areas: Duvet covers, sheets, pillowcases, hotel/hospital textiles Prominent Features of Ranforce Economical: More affordable than satin Durable: Resistant to frequent washing thanks to its dense weave Matte Surface: Not as shiny as satin, a more understated look Easy Care: Suitable for industrial laundry conditions
Read More →What is Satin Fabric?
Satin Fabric , regardless of its raw material, is a textile material produced with the satin weave (satin weave) technique; it has wide, flat, and shiny areas on its surface where the threads have minimal contact. Contents What is Satin Fabric and What is the Weaving Technique? What are the Technical Specifications of Satin Fabric? What are the Usage Areas and Advantages? Does Satin Fabric Make You Sweat and How to Wash It? What is Satin Fabric and What is the Weaving Technique? Satin is technically not a type of fiber or yarn, but a special weaving method. This weaving type relies on the yarns extending by connecting to each other at only a minimum point. This structure, where the yarn touches the surface only at every fifth or fourth warp, reflects light continuously, creating that characteristic shiny appearance. Thanks to this technology, while one surface of the fabric is smooth and shiny, the other surface generally remains more matte. What are the Technical Specifications of Satin Fabric? This weave type, which forms the appearance of satin fabric, exhibits varying physical properties when used with different fibers (cotton, polyester, silk). It is generally produced with fine-count yarns between Ne 40/1 and Ne 60/1. The weight range is generally 90-130 gr/m² around. Feature Description Weave Type Satin Weave (High yarn float) Surface Feel Smooth, Slippery, Shiny Ventilation High in cotton, low in synthetics Moisture Retention Proportional to fiber (Cotton: 8%, Polyester: Low) What are the Usage Areas and Advantages? Satin's soft texture and elegant drape make it a preferred choice in many sectors: Home Textiles: Ideal for duvet covers and bed sheets, providing a luxurious look. Apparel Industry: Preferred for nightgowns, lingerie, and flowing evening dresses. Fashion & Accessories: It is a popular weave type used in scarves, ties, and decorative throws. Does Satin Fabric Make You Sweat and How to Wash It? The degree to which satin fabric makes you sweat depends entirely on its content. Cotton satin made from natural fibers is breathable and does not cause sweating, while 100% polyester satin can be sweaty by trapping heat. To extend its lifespan: Wash at a maximum of 30-40 degrees. Clean in the washing machine using the delicate program. Lay flat to dry.
Read More →What is Technical Information in Fabrics?
Technical information in fabrics , a standardized data set that defines the fiber structure, weaving/knitting method, processing details, and performance criteria of a textile product from its raw material to its end-user. These data are fundamental references that enable designers and manufacturers to make the right material choices, ensure quality control, and guarantee the final comfort and durability of the product. This technical file, which describes "how" a fabric is made and "how long" it lasts, is the same for industrial and home textiles. Contents What are the Basic Technical Specifications and Measurements? In Which Areas are Fabrics Used? How Do Weight and Thread Count Affect Fabric Quality? What is Color Fastness and Why is it Important? What are the Basic Technical Specifications and Measurements? The most critical parameters examined during fabric analysis are physical structure and performance. These data reveal how high-quality the fabric will be: Fiber and Weave Structure: Raw material types such as cotton, polyester, and thread count (Ne/Nm). Physical Performance: Tensile strength, tear resistance, and color fastness ratings from 1 to 5 according to ISO standards. Processor Data: Calibration (width stability), dimensional change rates, and technical equivalents of care labels. Some commonly used basic values are as follows: Specification Value / Description Weight Generally varies between 110-300 gr/m². Weave Type Satin, herringbone, or percale. Color Fastness ISO rating between 3-5 points against washing. In Which Areas are Fabrics Used? Technical data are prioritized according to the area of use. While breathability and flexibility are prioritized in apparel textiles; light blocking and cleanability technical details are decisive in curtains and home textiles. In industrial fields, extreme durability criteria such as water repellency and UV resistance are sought. How Do Weight and Thread Count Affect Fabric Quality? Weight (gr/m²), is the surface weight of the fabric; higher weight generally means a heavier and more durable texture, but this is not the case for all fabrics. Thread count (e.g., Ne 60/1, Ne 80/1) as the number increases, the yarn becomes finer, and the fabric surface feels smoother, softer, and more luxurious. What is Color Fastness and Why is it Important? Color fastness is a test that shows how well a fabric retains its color against washing, light, and friction. Test results are rated between 1 and 5; a score of 5 indicates no color transfer, while a score of 1 indicates significant fading. A rating of at least 4 points is targeted for high-quality duvet covers and towel products.
Read More →What is Terry Cotton Fabric
What is Tericotton Fabric? Features Areas of Use Difference Between Tericotton and 100% Cotton / 100% Polyester What is Tericotton Fabric? Tericotton fabric is a woven fabric produced by blending cotton and polyester yarns in specific ratios. Cotton provides softness and breathability, while polyester adds durability and wrinkle resistance. It is generally produced in 50% cotton / 50% polyester or polyester-dominant ratios; its most common areas of use are hospital, hotel, and dormitory textiles. Features Breathable, non-sweating Durable, abrasion-resistant Wrinkle-free, low ironing Quick drying Colorfast Suitable for industrial washing (60-90°C) Usage Areas Hospital textiles (gowns, sheets) Hotel textiles (bed linen, towels) Dormitory textiles Workwear and uniforms Terikoton vs. 100% Cotton / 100% Polyester Difference Breathability: Terikoton medium-high, cotton high, polyester low Durability: Terikoton high, cotton medium, polyester high Wrinkle resistance: Terikoton high, cotton low, polyester high Drying speed: Terikoton fast, cotton slow, polyester very fast White Bed Linen offers terikoton fabric directly from the factory at wholesale prices. Terikoton fabric product page
Read More →What is Velvet Fabric?
Contents What is Velvet Fabric and How is it Produced? Velvet Fabric Technical Specifications What are its Varieties and Usage Areas? What is Velvet Fabric and How is it Produced? Velvet fabric , is a type of weave that exhibits its characteristic softness, luxurious feel, and ability to reflect light at different angles due to the dense pile of fibers on its surface. weave type. This structure, obtained by sewing and raising yarns on a flat substrate, gives the surface a thick and velvety texture that does not look like leather but is felt. Traditionally woven from pure silk, velvet is now produced by weaving polyester, viscose, and sometimes cotton blends with the aim of being more durable and economical. This technical development has opened up wide usage areas, especially in the upholstery and apparel sectors. Velvet Fabric Technical Specifications The most prominent technical value of velvet, compared to other fabrics, is its quite high grammage. Although it varies according to the area of use, typical values are as follows: Feature Typical Value / Range Grammage (Weight) Generally 300 - 800 gr/m² (600+ for upholstery) Fiber Content Polyester, Cotton, Viscose or Silk Blend Weave Structure Double-layer weave (with single-layer cut) Surface Feel Jute-free, soft, flexible pile structure What are the Varieties and Usage Areas? Different varieties emerge depending on the type of pile process applied during velvet production. For example; Ribbed Velvet: It is a striped structure created by using two-colored or patterned fibers during weaving. Suede Velvet (Velour): It has a cut pile structure and offers a more matte and soft texture. Yarn Velvet: It has a finer, silky sheen than normal velvet. In terms of durability Martindale test abrasion resistance measured by, is of critical importance in upholstery selection. The main reasons why it is frequently preferred, especially in hotels and living spaces, are as follows: Upholstery: Provides a luxurious look in sofa sets, poufs, and headboards. Apparel: Creates a decorative effect in dresses, jackets, and evening wear. Decoration: Supports sound insulation in stage curtains and wall coverings. Note: While velvet is breathable due to its natural fiber structure (cotton/silk), synthetic blends can trap heat.
Read More →What is Viscose Fabric?
Viscose fabric , is a semi-synthetic (refined natural) textile fiber produced by dissolving natural cellulose obtained from wood pulp, bamboo, or cotton waste and regenerating it into yarn through chemical processes. Also known as Rayon or Viscose, this material is one of the indispensable raw materials of modern textiles due to its silk-like shine, softness, and lightness in texture. semi-synthetic (refined natural) textile fiber. Also known as Rayon or Viscose, this material is one of the indispensable raw materials of modern textiles due to its silk-like shine, softness, and lightness in texture. What are the Technical Specifications of Viscose Fabric? The most prominent feature of the viscose fiber is its very high **moisture permeability**. As one of the best absorbent fibers in the textile industry after cotton, viscose regulates body temperature and provides comfort. Due to its production, usually with satin weaving technology, its surface is smooth and shiny; however, it can also be obtained with simple plain weaves. Technical Parameters Feature / Range Fiber Structure Cellulose-based (Semi-Synthetic) Moisture Absorbency Close to cotton, fast moisture absorption Weave Type Usually Satin (Shiny) or Plains Weight Varies according to the area of use (approx. 100 g/m² for light clothing, approx. 150-200 g/m² for curtains) Does Viscose Fabric Cause Sweating? The biggest advantage of viscose fabric is that it does not cause sweating. Thanks to its high moisture-wicking capacity, it instantly transfers sweat from the skin to the outside or absorbs it within the fabric. Therefore, it is frequently used in dresses, shirts, and underwear products preferred in summers and hot weather. Is Viscose Fabric Healthy? Being cellulose-based, viscose does not carry the risk of allergic reactions due to its hypoallergenic structure. Its open-pored structure, which allows the skin to breathe, makes it difficult for bacteria to grow and offers a hygienic environment. As it is produced from natural pulp, it is more sustainable compared to environmentally harmful synthetic polymers. Advantages of Cotton Viscose Blend In addition to its healthy use, it is also evaluated in terms of durability. Unlike 100% Viscose, to increase durability, cotton viscose blend fabric models stand out. Cotton reinforcement extends its lifespan by increasing viscose's tendency to shrink during washing and its tensile strength. In Clothing: Flowing dresses, blouses, and kaftans. In Home Textiles: Shimmering appearance in the production of duvet covers, sheets, and curtains. Care: Washing on a delicate program is recommended, and harsh brushes should be avoided.
Read More →What is Woven Fabric?
Woven fabric , stretched in the vertical direction warp and passed through the horizontal direction weft is a textile product produced by interlacing yarns at right angles to each other. This structure, due to the intersection of yarns, has more stable elasticity compared to knitted fabrics and ensures that garments or textile products maintain their form for a long time. This method, used in a wide range from white bed linens to industrial curtains, is shaped with different technical details depending on the product to be manufactured. The basic properties of weaving are determined by many factors, from the type of fiber used to the production density. Contents What are the Technical Specifications of Woven Fabric? What is the Biggest Difference Between Woven and Knitted Fabric? In Which Areas is Woven Fabric Used? Does Woven Fabric Make You Sweat and is it High Quality? What are the Technical Specifications of Woven Fabric? The quality and usage area of woven fabrics are directly dependent on the following technical parameters. These values are key factors that determine the fabric's durability, breathability, and feel: Technical Parameter Description and Effect Grammage (gr/m²) It is an indicator of the fabric's weight and thickness. E.g.: For white bed linens, a range of 100-140 gr/m² is generally preferred. Fiber Content Includes cotton (%100), polyester, or blend ratios. Natural fibers offer higher breathability. Yarn Number Can vary between Ne 30/1 and Ne 60/1; the higher it is, the finer and softer the fabric feels. Weave Type Structures like percale, sateen, or pique determine whether the surface will be matte, shiny, or slightly creased. What is the Biggest Difference Between Woven and Knitted Fabric? In knitted fabrics, a single yarn is chained in loops; in woven fabrics, two separate yarn systems (warp and weft) are interlaced. This leads to the following results: Elasticity: Woven fabrics do not stretch or change shape. This is a critical advantage for products that need to maintain their form, such as trousers, shirts, and bed linens. Durability: The interlaced structure increases resistance to tearing and ripping. Thermal Insulation: Due to its structure, it has air permeability, but its thermal barrier property is higher than knitting. In Which Areas is Woven Fabric Used? This material, frequently preferred in the white bed linen sector, is used in the following areas due to its hygienic cleanability and longevity: Home Textiles: Duvet covers, sheets, and pillowcases (Provides a warm sleep with its breathable structure). Apparel Industry: For preventing shape distortion in shirt, trouser, and jacket interlinings. Hard Textiles: Curtains, tablecloths, and carpets. Does Woven Fabric Make You Sweat and is it High Quality? While it generally offers good ventilation, sweating depends on the yarn used. Woven fabrics made from natural fibers like 100% cotton or linen do not cause sweating and absorb moisture. However, woven types with a high percentage of synthetics (polyester/polyamide) can trap moisture and create a sweating effect. Therefore, for a quality woven choice, the cotton percentage should be considered.
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