Washing types; is the general name for chemical and mechanical processes applied to give fabric an aesthetic appearance or functional properties. Unlike domestic washes that are solely for cleaning, these processes are designed in textile production to give fabric softness, a vintage feel, or a specific color tone.
Contents
- What are the Types of Industrial Washing?
- Technical Details of the Washing Process
- The Right Washing Program for Different Fabrics
What are the Types of Industrial Washing?
Washing methods used in the textile industry vary according to the desired visual and textural effect. The main industrial techniques are:
- Enzymatic Stone Washing (Stoneless): Using cellulose enzymes, a natural fading and softening effect is created on cotton fabrics.
- Biotasla: A combination of enzymatic washing with a more aggressive approach, providing a quick vintage effect.
- Sanoflash (Cold Wash): A chemical/enzymatic process carried out at low temperature and in a short time, saving energy.
- Chemical Washes: Bleaching or abrasion processes using oxidizing agents such as sodium hypochlorite.
Technical Details of the Washing Process
A successful washing process relies on precise management of parameters. Machine speed (RPM), duration, and chemical pH values determine the quality of the final product. The table below summarizes general industrial washing standards:
| Feature | Typical Value / Range |
|---|---|
| Temperature Control | 30°C - 60°C (Varies by process type) |
| Machine Speed (RPM) | 40 - 100 RPM (For mechanical effect) |
| Cycle Time | 15 - 45 minutes |
| Effect Criteria | % Color Loss, Weight Change, Tensile Strength |
The Right Washing Program for Different Fabrics
Cotton, viscose, and blends containing elastane require different programs due to their thermal sensitivity. Especially in cotton-heavy denim products, high temperatures can cause shrinkage, while viscose blends can lose their shape with mechanical stress. For home textile products, low temperatures and mild detergents should be preferred to ensure hygiene while preserving fabric integrity.
Avoiding high heat in tumble dryers after washing and adhering to the tailor's recommended programs will extend the product's life. Choosing the right program that considers fabric composition is essential for achieving professional results.